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Drosophila Learning & Memory

Taste cells Focal tastant application

The Drosophila brain


Both images are confocal z-stacks of different parts of the Drosophila brain expressing yellow fluorescent protein. The image on the left is of the antennal lobe (homolog of the olfactory bulb), and the image on the right is of the mushroom body. Both areas are critical for olfactory memory in flies.




Taste Transduction

Taste cells Focal tastant application

Taste transduction and lateral communication between taste cells


The image on the left shows taste cells in a semi-intact lingual slice preparation from a PLC{beta}2-GFP transgenic mouse. GFP is expressed in PLC{beta}2 positive cells. A calcium indicator dye, Calcium Orange, was loaded into some taste cells to image their responses to tastants. The image on the right shows calcium imaging of taste cells. The taste cells were loaded with Calcium Green and imaged while focally applying individual tastants (which were mixed with fluorescein to visualize) to the apical tips of the taste cells.




Hearing in Aquatic Vertebrates

Confocal image Frequency response profile

Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the octavolateralis system in the sleeper goby


The image on the left is a confocal image of the sleeper goby Magnocellular nucleus. Axons entering the Magnocellular Nucleus were filled with a neuronal tracer (green) and the nuclei are stained with a fluorescent Nissl stain. The image on the right is the frequency response profile of a single-unit extracellular recording from an octavolateralis efferent neuron.